feat: make "only the app publishes a port" a binding rule

A published database port puts the data on the public internet, and Docker's
own iptables rules bypass ufw — the server looks firewalled while the port is
open. Previously this was only a comment in compose.yaml, which an agent adding
a db service later is free to ignore.

Anchored at every point where a service could be added or shipped:
- rules/security.md: the rule, the reasoning, and the audit commands
- rules/backend.md + architecture SKILL: constraint when picking the data layer
- agents/backend-dev.md: non-negotiable for any service it adds
- agents/qa-engineer.md: a published port is a Critical finding
- skills/deploy: blocking pre-flight audit
- compose.yaml: db example now uses expose:, with depends_on healthcheck
- docs/DEPLOYMENT.md + README: SSH tunnel instead of publishing for debugging

.claude/rules/backend.md

@@ -18,6 +18,10 @@ decision exists, do not install an ORM or write schema code.
 Whatever is chosen must be self-hostable inside the Docker Compose stack —
 the deployment target is a plain server, not a managed platform.
 
+When you add it to `compose.yaml`, it gets **no published port**. The app reaches it
+by service name over the compose network. See the port-exposure rule in
+`.claude/rules/security.md`.
+
 ## Route Handlers
 
 - Validate every request body with a Zod schema before touching it. Reuse the

.claude/rules/security.md

@@ -59,6 +59,54 @@ Requirements whenever auth is present:
 - Never interpolate user input into SQL, shell commands or file paths
 - Escape or avoid `dangerouslySetInnerHTML`
 
+## Port exposure (mandatory)
+
+**Only the app service publishes a port. Nothing else. Ever.**
+
+Databases, caches, queues, search indexes, admin UIs and migration containers get
+**no `ports:` entry at all**. Services reach each other by service name over the
+Compose network — `postgres://user:pass@db:5432/app` works without publishing
+anything. Use `expose:` if you want the port documented; it changes nothing about
+reachability from outside.
+
+```yaml
+db:
+  image: postgres:17-alpine
+  expose:
+    - "5432"        # documentation only — not reachable from the host
+  # ports:          # NEVER. This would put the database on the public internet.
+```
+
+Why this is not a style preference: `ports: "5432:5432"` on a public server means
+the only thing between an attacker and the whole dataset is the database password.
+Worse, Docker writes its own nat/DOCKER-USER iptables rules that **bypass ufw** on a
+typical setup — the server looks firewalled while the port is wide open. This is one
+of the most common ways self-hosted stacks get breached.
+
+The app service itself binds to loopback (`${APP_BIND:-127.0.0.1}`) because a reverse
+proxy on the host terminates TLS and forwards to it. Binding `0.0.0.0` is only
+correct when there is no proxy, and it means serving plain HTTP — which also breaks
+passkeys.
+
+If a port genuinely must be reachable for local debugging, bind it explicitly to
+loopback and never bare:
+
+```yaml
+ports:
+  - "127.0.0.1:5432:5432"   # ok for an SSH-tunnelled session
+  - "5432:5432"             # WRONG — this is 0.0.0.0, the whole internet
+```
+
+Verify what is actually published before deploying:
+
+```bash
+docker compose config | grep -A3 "ports:"      # what the merged config declares
+docker compose ps --format "{{.Service}}\t{{.Ports}}"   # what is really bound
+```
+
+Anything other than the app service showing a `0.0.0.0:` binding is a Critical
+finding — treat it as such in `/qa` and block the deploy.
+
 ## Transport and Headers
 
 Security headers are configured in `next.config.ts`: `X-Frame-Options: DENY`,